How did they manage to make the large structures of stone?

How did the ancients manage to make the large structures of stone?

The Great Pyramid of Egypt

All over the world you can find ancient statues, buildings and walls made of stone. Many of stones so hard that is impossible to cut them with the copper tools that is said to have been used. Some stones are so large that we would have trouble moving them today. Yet, not only did they cut and move stones weighing 50 tons or more - they even placed them high up in buildings! Did the ancients have lost technology - or help from giants?

The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt might be the most famous megalithic structure in the world. It is said the have been made by the pharaoh Khufu about 2550 BC. The pyramid is made of about 2.3 million stones - most of them weighing from 2.5 to 15 tons. The largest stones in the pyramid are the granite stones above the so-called "Kings Chamber". They weight between 50 and 80 tons and were transported form the quarry at Aswan - more than 80 kilometers away. The pyramid was once covered with casting stones made of polished limestone, so finely joined that you could not press a knife in between them.
    The second largest pyramid is the neighboring pyramid of Khafre, the son of Khufu. It has some of the casting stones still in place towards to top, and is often wrongly believed to be the tallest.
The pyramids of Egypt
The pyramids of Giza were said to have been tombs for the pharaohs but no mummies have been found inside them. The tunnel leading to the Kings chamber in the Great Pyramid is to small to get a coffin through, not to mention a pharaoh's sarcophagus!
    But even if you can ask the question why they made the pyramids, they are impressive megalithic structures - the Great Pyramid with it's height of 147 meter was the tallest building in the world for almost 4.000 years!
     The most accepted theory is that the ancients used stone and copper chiesels to cut and shape the stones. Well, with sandstone they could have managed to press wooden wedges down in cracks and poor on water so that the wedges swelled and that way broke loose pieces.

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The pyramids of Egypt

Kings Chamber

Casting stones

Giant gods and pharaohs

The Sphinx

Anzud

Stonehenge

Stonehenge from air

Carnac stones from air

Carnac stones

Baalbek trilithon

Largest Baalbek stone

Gornaya Shoria megaliths

Göbekli Tepe

Pyramid of the Sun

Pyramid of the Moon

Pacal's lid

For offerings to the gods

The Monolith of Tlaloc

Man and Olmec head

Alantean figures Tula

Basalt statues Tula

Alantean figures

Sacsayhuamán wall

Sacsayhuamán stone

Puma Punka

Giant megalith Tiwanaku

Machu Piccu

Ollantaytambo. a temple?

14-sided stone, Cusco

Why and how? Cusco

Easter Island statues

Ahu Vinapu, Easter Island

Heyerdahl's team trying

Terje at Nan Madol

Haamonga Trilliton and tha authors daughter.

Ha'amonga Triliton

Stone money of Yap

Dolmen in Caucasus

Kurgan stele

Schytian rider

Schytian gold neckless

The Unfinished Obelisk

Ancient vases Egypt

Wall in Cusco, Peru

Quarry, Cusco, Peru

Hardness of stones

Not on but in front of!

The Shamir

Aliens or...

...tall Sumerian gods?

Greek gods - not innocent..

Denisova cave

Needle from Denisova cave

Human and Denisova skull

     The same goes for the limestone for the casting. But basalt and granite is another story: Today diamond-bladed saws and diamond tipped drills are used to cut and shape these hard stones! It is impossible with the copper tools that mainstream archaelogists say they used.
    How did the ancients manage to move all the stones? The answer is usually manpower: That thousands of slaves pulled and pushed. Later the theory has changed a bit: They were not slaves but ordinary workers - living in a village specifically made for them close to the pyramid-site. The workers lifted the stones of sleds, wetted the sand in front of them and pulled.
    Ok. But how did they get them on to the sledges? How could wooden sledges hold the enormous stones? How many years would that take to move them - would that not be longer than the lifetime of a pharaoh?
    And don't forget that Giza was not a totally flat and sandy desert when they made the pyramids - the area was lush and green! Some say that they made channels from the river Nile to the site. Well, that might have helped, but how did they get the stones on and off the boats? And did the ancients have riverboats that could freight 80 ton stones - one stone would weigh as much as 8 double decker buses!? We do not have any riverboats that can manage that today!
There are many theories of how that managed to get the stones up in the pyramids of Egypt. Ramps of sand seems to be the most accepted theory. For the smaller stones that could have been possible, but to get 80 ton stones of granite to end up inside the middle of the Great Pyramid?
There is a legend telling that giants called Shaddai built the Great Pyramid and hid a treasure inside. The Arab governor of Cairo, Caliph Al Ma'mun, heard the legend and broke into the pyramid in the ninth century AD but did not find any treasure.
The Sphinx of Egypt
Another famous megalith in Egypt is of course the Sphinx. It measure 20x19x73 meters and is made from one single piece of limestone. The traditional archaeologists say that it also was made by pharaoh Khafre.
    Professor Robert Schoch, a geologist from the USA has dated the Sphinx to be at least 7.000 years old. And recently two researchers from Ukraine have proposed that the Sphinx is about 800.000 years old!
    Some say that the Sphinx originally depicted a lion and that Khafre chiseled the head to look like him, while some reseachers say it depicted the mythical sumerian animal Anzud - with head of a lion and the body of a bird.
Stonehenge of England
Stonehenge is one of the most famous prehistoric megalithic monuments in the word. The largest standing stones are almost 9 meters tall, weighing around 25 tons. It is believed that the construction of Stonehenge started between 3000-2000 BC. The tall standing stones are of sandstone while the smaller are bluestone basalt.     It is said that the stones were shaped using hammer-stones. For sandstone that would might be work, but basalt?
    The archeologists say that the tall sandstones were brought from Marlborough 30 kilometers north of Stonehenge, and the bluestones from west Wales more than 200 kilometers away.
    Resent reseach using ground-penetrating radar has revealed a subterranean complex with hundreds of features, including at least 17 monuments.
    A legend says that the bluestones were brought from Africa to Ireland by giants, because of their healing properties.
Carnac stones of France
The Carnac stones in northwestern France is said to be the largest collection of megaliths in the world. It has more then 3000 prehistoric standing stones of granite, plus dolmen and tumuli. The largest stone is known as the "Giant" and is over 6,5 meter tall. The megaliths shall have been erected by the pre-Celtic people of the area, some as early as 4.500 BC.
Giant stones of Baalbek of Lebanon
About 85 kilometres northeast of the capital Beirut of Lebanon you will find the mysterious megaliths of Baalbak. Most famous are the stones called the trilithon, three enormous stones of hard granite in what is supposed to be an ancient Roman wall. They weigh about 800 kilo each. Recently another stone has been found and it is often considered to be the largest block of hewn stone from antiquity, supposedly weighing more than 1000 kiloes.
     We do not know how they managed to move and raise these enormous stones. There is a tale that Cain, the son of Adam, shall have done it to make a refugee when God cursed him.
Gornaya Shoria megaliths of Siberia
To the east of the Altai Mountains in the southern Siberia, there are some huge megaliths. The largest blocks of granite are estimated to weigh up to 4.000 tons. The question is if they are natural. If they are not, they will be the largest manmade blocks in the world - beating the Baalbek stones by far!
    A legend says that the Altai Mountains is the gate to the hidden kingdom of Shambala - where a new civilisation will restart when humanity has gone under because of it's own cruelty.
Megaliths of Göbekli Tepe in Turkey
Göbekli Tepe of south-eastern Turkey is said to be one of the oldest archaeological sites in the world - made about 12.000 years ago. So far 43 megaliths have been uncovered. The up to 5 meters tall standing stones of limestone have art depicting bulls, lions, spiders, wild boars, snakes, scorpions and foxes. One of the stones still in the quarry weighs more than 50 tons.
    Some researchers believe that this Göbekli Tepe was the first holy place - "a cathedral on a hill".
Pyramids of Mexico
If you sail from Egypt, out the strait of Gibraltar and across the Atlantic following the trade winds and ocean currents, you can cast anchor inn Central America after a few weeks. Here you can find megalithic structures that look like the largest ones in Egypt: Pyramids.
     The most famous pyramid is the Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacan ("the place where the gods were created") in Mexico. It is not as tall at the Great Pyramid in Egypt, but with it's 71 meters it is still a very impressive structure.
    The Pyramid of the Sun is said to have been built by the Aztez Indians about 200 CE, but the Aztecs refute this. They say that the pyramid was there long before them, built of a race of giants. There are other pyramids in the area, and the second largest is the Pyramid of the Moon, it is 43 meters tall.
    The pyramids are mainly made of Tezontle stone which is quit easy cut and form with chisels and hammer stones.
Pacal's sacophacus lid in Mexico
The Temple of Inscriptions in is the largest stepped pyramid in Mexico. It was built as a funerary for the 7th century ruler of Palenque: K'inich Janaab' Pacal.     The pyramid and the tomb is said to be remarkably similar to what you find in Egypt. A stairway is leading down to the crypt with his sarcophagus. The sarcophagus is made of limestone and weighs 20 ton.    The lid is made of a single stone. It measures 3,6x2 meters and weighs 7 tons. The carving of the lid led to the idea that it depicted somebody piloting a spaceship, a theory the historians has debunked.
Monolith of Tlaloch in Mexico City
In the Chapultepec Parek in Mexico city you can see a colossal megalith called "The Monolith of Tlaoc". It depicts the rain-god Tlaloc and it is said to have supernatural powers: When the statue was transported to here from the outskirts of a town called Coatlinham, where it was found buried in a dry riverbed, an unseasonal thunderstorm drenched the city for days.
    A special trailer had to be built to transport the monolith, which is 7 meter tall and weights 168 tons. It is over a thousand years old and made of basalt. We do not know who made it and what kind of tools they used.
Stone heads in Mexico
In southeastern Mexico, in Veracruz and western Tabasco close to the gulf coast, you can find large stone heads that range from 1.17 to 3,4 meters in height.
     They are said to have been made by the mysterious Olmec civilization from basalt boulders that were brought to the site from the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas mountains of Veracruz more than 150 kilometers away.
    The heads weigh up to 40 tons. The stone heads are usually called "Olmec colossal heads" but there ar no proof that the Olmecs made them and we do not know how old they are. The back of the heads are flat like the stone statues of Easter Island and they all wear helmets or headdresses. How they managed to carve basalt is also an unanswered question. Some believe that that the heads represent Negroes and that they might have been brought from Africa.
Atlantean figures of Mexico
In Mexico you will also find the so-called "Atlantean figures" - stone statues believed to depict ancient Toltec warriors. You will find these kind of stone statues a few places but most famous are the ones in Tula. They are placed on kind of mastaba, very much like the tombs that later were developed to become the pyramids of Egypt.
    The statues are often made of a composite of limestone and sandstone but the four figures of Tempel 4 are made of hard basalt - which should be impossible by the copper tools they had at the time.
    You can also find Atlantean figures in the Temple of Jaguars in Chichen Itza and in a relief discovered in Potrero Nuevo.
Walls in Peru
The pyramids might be the most famous structures made of megaliths but you can find other structures made of very large stones. Like the Sacsayhuaman walls in the southeastern part of Peru in South-America, close to the old capital of Cusco. The larger stones are estimated to weight more than 120 tons - some say that the largest stone weigh more than 400 tons! Some of the stones are so closely fitted that you cannot push a piece of paper in between them.
     The walls were said to have been a Inca-fort but the archeologists now believe that it was the earlier Killka culture that started to make the wall - some time between 900 and 1200 AD.
     Well, the Spanish explorer and conquistador Francisco Pizarro saw the walls in 1533 and he wrote: "The stones were so large and thick that it seemed impossible that human hands could have set them in place". The Inca themselves believe that the walls were made by another race of people led by gods that had come from the skies.
Mysterious Puma Punku in Bolivia
There are other impressive and mysterious megalithic sites in South America. Like Puma Punku, - a part of the Tiwanaku site in western Bolivia. The legends say that the first inhabitants of Puma Punku had supernatural powers and could move megalithic stones through the air using sound.
    The legends also say that the megaliths of Tiwanaku, that are spread out over a large area, were constructed by a race of giants. The Inca says that everything already was in ruins before their civilization began. The ruins with statues, monoliths and platforms are close to Lake Titicaca - 4000 meters above seal level.
Machu Piccu in the Andes Mountains of Peru
Machu Picchu is another ancient site in Peru - with large stones so closely fitted that you cannot push a knife in between them. It is not far away from Cusco but more than 3000 meters up in the Andes Mountains. The rocks are of granite and some weight more than 55 tons, moved several kilometres across the valley.
    Machu Picchu is said to have been made by the Inca king Pachacuti approximately 1400 AD, but legends say that Machu Picchu was a sacred place built far earlier than that. Some say that it was a place where female virgins were sacrificed, while other say that it was an astronomical observatorium
Temple of the Sun in Peru
The ancient ruins of Ollantaytambo is also to the northwest of Cusco, halfway to Machu Piccu. The site is also about 3000 meter above sea level, in what is called a sacred valley. Some say that the "stairs" up the valley must be for giants, but the archaeologists say they were most probably terraces for farming. Six large monoliths on top of the steps form what is called the Temple of the Sun. The valley is said to have been a stronghold for rebel Inca emperor Manco Capac, but there are also legends of white men, giants, who made the structures in the valley in a very distant past.
Walls in Cusco, Peru
In the old city of Cusco you will find ancient walls thought to have been made by the Inca, but the stones are made of hard granite. How could they manage to cut and form the stones with stones or copper tool? With such intricate forms - with up to 14 sides? And why the groves along the edges on the outside of the walls? Did they originally have a kind of putty to make them watertight? Why? How? When? Did they have an advanced and now lost technology?
Statues and walls on Easter Island
There are about 1000 statues of stone on Easter Island (Rapa Nui). Most of the statues are made of reddish tuff, but Hoa Hakanai'a, that was taken to England is made of hard basalt. Also the stonewall Ahu Vinapu is made of basalt blocks weighing about 5 tons each, and the stones fit so precisely together as the ancient walls of Peru. On unfinished statue is the largest, if completed it would have been about 21 meters tall and weigh about 150 tons.
     There have been found what is said to be stone axes in the holes where some of the statues are standing - and that they were used in the making of the statues. Well, Thor Heyerdahl and his team were in 1955-56 having a hard time trying to hammer a statue from a rock-wall using stones as tools! An ancient legend says that says that the statues could walk.
     A team of researcher and islanders managed to move a small copy of a statue by using ropes and tilting it from side to side. But just a few meters on flat road - not 18 kilometres over rugged land! None of the statues, all around the island, do not have any marks or damages that you would expect from such "walking".
Nan Madol - the forbidden city of stone
Nan Madol are ancient ruins of stone on the island of Pohnpei in Micronesia. Almost hundred artifical islands with buildings and wall of megaliths. Nobody know for sure when Nan Madol was made and why. Legends say that two brothers that came from acoss the sea made Nan Madol in one night. The brothers were giants. Most local people are still afraid of the place.
Ha'amonga Triliton of Tonga
On the main island of the polynesian country of Tonga you will find something called Ha'amonga 'a Maui, meaning "Maui's burden". Maui was one of the most important gods of the Pacific and he should have brought the stones from Wallis island in a giant kano, carried the stones ashore and made the triliton.
Giant stone money of Yap
On the island of Yap in Micronesia you can find ancient stone money, - large disks made of limestone. There are around 6000 of them, and the largest has a diameter of almost 4 meters. The stones had, and still has, value as money. Not only by size and craftsman-ship, but also history. There are no limestone on Yap - the stones were transported from the island of Palau.
Dolmen of Caucasus in Siberia
In Western Caucasus as many a 2.300 dolmen have been found, of which only 20 percent have survived in the original state. Dolmens are a kind of small houses made of large stones, very often with only a small, round hole as a kind of door. Nobody knows what the dolmens were, but they must have been important since thy made so many of them. A legend says that they were made by giants.
    You can also find dolmen in other places of Europe (a dolmen in Ireland has a capstone weighing 60 tons), - and else in the world. As many as 30.000 dolmen shall remain in Korea!
Stelae and gold of Siberia
Ancient megaliths have been found in the steppes of Siberia, some of them are very similar the stone statues found on Easter Island and many other places of the world: Holding their hands in front of their stomach -not on the navel, not further down. It was not a drinking cup as some suggests. On most statues what they hold is chipped away. Why? Did they hold something secret?
    The statues are called "balbals" which mean "anchestors". Often made of granite - and much older than the pyramids of Egypt. So old that the schytians should not been able to make them!
    In some burial mounds, kurgans, objects made of gold have been found. Like a rider on a horse that is very Norse looking and tall. A necklace of gold is so delicate that it is hard to believe that it could have been made without modern tools and technology!
All over the world
You find ancient megaliths all over the world. We cannot date stone so it is often impossible to say when they were made. Most often we arew told that it was the local people that made them with stones, so called "hammerstones".
     In some countries, like Egypt, chisels of copper are said to have been used. Well, with sandstone and limestone, of a soft variety, this might have been possible using copper chisels but what about basalt and granite?
    Stonemason Jim Vieira in the USA got so intrigued by the ancient megaliths that he started to study them: He would have trouble making them with his modern toolsl! He learned that most of walls and statues of antiquity should have been made by a race of giants. Yes, he became so interested that he collected hundreds of old newspaper clippings about ancient giants - and later ended up in a TV-program about this phenomena!
A kind of concrete?
Some say that the blocks the ancients used were not rocks at all but were made of a kind of concrete. Well, that might have been a bit easier but they still would have to get the very heavy block up in pyramids and walls! And we know for sure that blocks were cut - the quarries where they cut them are still there! In the quarry at Aswan in Egypt you can take a look at the unfinished obelisk - it would have measured around 42 meter and would have weighted about 1.000 ton - if it not had cracked before completed!
    Take a look at many of the ancient statues of very hards stone - how could they make the delicate figures with hammerstones? Or jars and vases in Egypt made of basalt with thin walls. The ancients should not have the tools to make to make them!
Walls of stone
The walls of stone in Cusco in Peru are another mystery. They stones are cut in such an intricate way, and are so close to each other that it just makes you wonder what is going on. It is almost like they first put an enormous carbon paper on a flat rock wall and made drawings of blocks. Then took away the paper and cut the rock along the lines the ink had made. Then the rocks were moved to the wall they were making and placed in the same order.
     Yes, if you look closer at the walls you can see that the stones besides or above each other are very often from the same piece of a larger rock! If the rock wall has not been of hard stone you might get the impression that the stones were cut like a cake! But there is no doubt that solid stones cut from a quarry, often quite far away, were used - not a kind of concrete!
Lost technology
So how did they manage to cut the hard stones if they did not have the tools? Well take a look at the ancient stone statues you find that there is something similar. Most them seem to hold their hands on the stomach. Not at the navel, not further down. Then take a look at their arms - the overarms are going along the body, no elbows sticking out! So the hands would not be on the stomach but in front of the stomach! Could it have been that they held something in their hands? Yes, you can on some statues see that they held something in their hands. But on some this has been chipped off and on others there are just hands.
     Was what they held something that was supposed to be a secret, something not to be shown? Did they hold a tool that could cut stone? Are we talking about lost or hidden technology?
The Shamir
Might be they had a tool? Might be the Shamir? The Shamir is said to have been a worm or a substance that Moses used to engrave the jewels for the priestly breastplate. It was said that the "magical Shamir" could cut through or disintegrate stone, iron and diamond.
    Moses should have lived during the reign of pharaoh Ramses II. And most probably have been born in the late 14th century BC.
    Later king Salomon, who reigned app. 970-931 BC, should have found the Shamir and used it to make the first temple of Israel.
Aliens from outer space?
Some say that the ancients had help from from outer space. Humanlike beings that came down to Earth with a technology that made it possible to make the megaliths. Yes, a well known American television series is showing mysterious megaliths that we humans should not have been able to make - claiming that it had to be aliens. But might be we can find the answer here on Earth? So many legends say that the ancients had help to make the megaliths, but they say that the help came from giants they called gods - not aliens!
Living gods
So many ancient scriptures and legends are mentioning gods. Or being that was given the name "gods". If you change the name "God" and "gods" with Denisovans then ancient history will get a whole new meaning. The translation of the old scriptures are not always correct. There was originally no "God in heaven" that created the humans. The world was in plural: Gods! Yes, there are more than 30 of them in the Old Testament!
    And in which heaven did they live? They lived in heaven on Earth: On mountains! Hight up but not among the stars! Like the Greek gods: They lived on Mount Olympus! And what more: The ancient gods lived among the people. They helped them - even had sex with them!
Denisovans from Altai Mountains
So who were the first on Earth to have a more advanced technology - if it not came from outer space? In the Denisova cave in the Altai Mountains of Siberia there was in 2008 found a fossilised bone that looked like a human finger bone. Then two teeth were found- so big that they first were believed to have belonged to a cave beer. But they also looked like human teeth, molars. The archaeologists decided that this must have been another kind of homo species, that must have been very tall.
     The new archaic species was named Denisova hominins - in short called Denisovans. In the cave they also found an bracelet made of chlorite, grinded and polished, with a hole that must have been drilled. Later a headband and a quite modern looking needle also said to be 50.00 years old were found. Plus DNA of a horse. Were these tall Denisovans sowing their own clothes and riding horses when Neanderthals and us Homo sapiens were naked collectors and hunters?
    We know from findings that the Denisovans lived with Neanderthals and Homo sapiens in the Denisova cave - and that there were mixed offsprings. Recently a part of a skull has also been found, showing that the Denisovans not olny were very tall but also hade a much large brain than Homo sapiens!
Someplace else
So many ancient legends around the world tell that giants were the first to make megalithic statues, buildings and walls. And that they came from someplace else. Can it be that they were Denisovans or their hybrid decendants that had travelled from Siberia? The Denisovans obviously had a technology far ahead of Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens - and even if they were tall and had an advanced technology they must have looked like us humans! No wonder they were worshiped and called gods!
    So what happened? Where are the Denisovans today? It seems like something seriously happened. And that might very well have been climate change. From 80.000 to 40.000 BC there shall have been several catastrophic climate changes that decimated the human population. With a period of extreme cold. Is that why they searched shelter in the cave 50.000 years ago? Might be the Denisovans had to leave their mountains to find a warmer climate?
    You can find Denisovan DNA among the people of Solomon Islands in the Pacific and even in Australia - so obviously they or their offspings, hybrid or not, travelled far! Might be they developed the societies as they went - that they were the architects behind impressive pyramids in Egypt and intricate walls in Mexico. That this the reason that ancient megalitic structures look so simular all around the globe.
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You might ask if their technology was so advanced that it was against the Earth's ecosystem - that the Denisovans where the ones to create the climate changes that finally ended their species. Are we, with blood after them, now in process of doing the same mistake?

Do you have any ideas, thoughts and/or facts on this article? Please send an email to terje@sydhav.no

Comments:

Very interesting read and well thought out. Couple thoughts. Aliens/gods/extraterrestrials are likely one in the same. Also, as you mentioned they may have walked with us. If you look into the Saturn myth or Electric universe you’ll find some interesting correlations to your referred “heaven on earth” - our earth, skies and solar system may have been VERY different to ancient times.
Samual

Come on, folks!

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